P000814 revised AU-VU:EOAS Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation

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 English AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Person created 1993-10-20 human Gavan McCarthy updated 2025-10-30 human https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P000814b.htm person Sutherland William AACR2 24 August 1859 5 October 1911 Place of Birth Glasgow, Scotland Place of Death Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Physicist Physical chemist William Sutherland was a writer for The Age newspaper in Melbourne and a private researcher who investigated the viscosity of gases and liquids, molecular attraction, valency, ionization, ionic velocities, atomic sizes and an electronic theory of matter. He wrote an article on Eucalyptus Oil in 1887.

William Sutherland was educated at The University of Melbourne (BA 1979, MA 1883) and University College London (BSc 1881). He worked as a private coach, examiner, and acting lecturer in natural philosophy (1888) then acting professor (1889) at The University of Melbourne.
At The University of Melbourne Sutherland undertook theoretical investigations, chiefly in the field of molecular dynamics; the results were published as 78 scientific papers, mostly in major international journals. His model, the Sutherland model, assumed that the particles of which matter is composed exert an attractive force on each other (now known as the 'Sutherland potential') in addition to gravity. He also studied the dependence of the viscosity of a gas on its temperature, developing a formula which included a constant for any particular gas that is now called Sutherland's Constant. In addition to his theoretical work William Sutherland was also a regular contributor to The Age from 1901, especially on scientific topics.

1874 1874 Education - Bachelor of Arts (BA), University of Melbourne 1881 1881 Education - Bachelor of Science (BSc), University College, London 1883 1883 Education - Master of Arts (MA), University of Melbourne 1888 1888 Career event - Original [founding] member, Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science The University of Melbourne (1853 - )

Acting lecturer in Natural Philosophy 1888; Acting Professor in Natural Philosophy 1889.

 Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science (1888 - 1930)

Original [founding] member 1888 -

 Bragg, William Henry (1862 - 1942) Sutherland, George (1855 - 1905) Sutherland, Alexander (1852 - 1902)

Wikidata

VIAF - Virtual International Authority File

 Sutherland, William (1859-1911)

Trove

 'Sutherland, William', in Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation, Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology Sutherland, William Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Transformative Innovation Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation Journal Article: Mechanical integration of the product of two functions Sutherland, William Mechanical integration of the product of two functions 1885 Philosophical Magazine 175-178 Book: William Sutherland: a Biography Osborne, W. A. William Sutherland: a Biography Melbourne Lothian 1920 Journal Article: High Tensions in Moving Liquids Sutherland, William High Tensions in Moving Liquids 1896 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 42 111-115 Journal Article: The Laws of Molecular Force Sutherland, William The Laws of Molecular Force 1893 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 35 211-295 Journal Article: A New Periodic Property of the Elements Sutherland, William A New Periodic Property of the Elements 1890 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 30 318-323 Journal Article: Boyle's Law at Very Low Pressures Sutherland, William Boyle's Law at Very Low Pressures 1897 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 43 11-19 Journal Article: A Kinetic Theory of Solids, with an Experimental Introduction Sutherland, William A Kinetic Theory of Solids, with an Experimental Introduction 1891 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 32 31-43, 215-225, 524-553 Journal Article: Mechanical integration of the product of two functions Sutherland, William Mechanical integration of the product of two functions 1886 Philosophical Magazine 141-143 Journal Article: The Fundamental Atomic Laws of Thermochemistry Sutherland, William The Fundamental Atomic Laws of Thermochemistry 1895 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 40 1-56 Journal Article: On the Law of Molecular Force Sutherland, William On the Law of Molecular Force 1889 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 27 305-321 Journal Article: The Attraction of Unlike Molecules. II. The Surface Tension of Mixed Liquids Sutherland, William The Attraction of Unlike Molecules. II. The Surface Tension of Mixed Liquids 1894 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 38 188-197 Journal Article: The law of attraction amongst the molecules of a gas Sutherland, W. The law of attraction amongst the molecules of a gas 1886 Philosophical Magazine - full title: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 81-95 Journal Article: Speculating About Atoms in Early 20th Century Melbourne: William Sutherland and the "Sutherland-Einstein" Diffusion Relation Home, R. W. Speculating About Atoms in Early 20th Century Melbourne: William Sutherland and the "Sutherland-Einstein" Diffusion Relation 2005 Australian Physics 42 2 53-60 Journal Article: William Sutherland and the "Sutherland-Einstein" Diffusion Relation: Theoretical Physics in a Colonial Setting Home, R. W. William Sutherland and the "Sutherland-Einstein" Diffusion Relation: Theoretical Physics in a Colonial Setting 2005 Historia Scientiarum 15 125-138 Journal Article: William Sutherland - Australia's First Physical Chemist Spurling, T. H. William Sutherland - Australia's First Physical Chemist 1974 Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute 41 12 313-314 Resource Section: Sutherland, William Sutherland, William Australian Science Archives Project 1995 Physics in Australia to 1945 R.W. Home, with the assistance of Paula J. Needham Resource Section: Sutherland, William - Ms 23 Sutherland, William - Ms 23 Australian Academy of Science 1994 Listing of Adolph Basser Library holdings Book Section: Sutherland, William (1859-1911), theoretical physicist and physical chemist Home, R. W. Sutherland, William (1859-1911), theoretical physicist and physical chemist Melbourne Melbourne University Press 1990 Australian dictionary of biography, volume 12: 1891 - 1939 Smy-Z John Ritchie 141-152 Journal Article: Two Letters of William Sutherland to T. Brailsford Robertson: Ideas on the Electrical Conductivity of Proteins Bolton, H. C.; Coller, B.A.W. Two Letters of William Sutherland to T. Brailsford Robertson: Ideas on the Electrical Conductivity of Proteins 1993 Historical Records of Australian Science 9 4 357-368 Journal Article: The Spontaneous Change of Oxygen into Ozone and a Remarkable Type of Dissociation Sutherland, William The Spontaneous Change of Oxygen into Ozone and a Remarkable Type of Dissociation 1897 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 43 201-214 Journal Article: Eucalyptus Oil Sutherland, William Eucalyptus Oil 1887 The Chemist and Druggist of Australasia 2 21-23, 46-48, 77-78 Journal Article: Latent Heat of Evaporation of Zinc and Cadmium Sutherland, William Latent Heat of Evaporation of Zinc and Cadmium 1898 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 46 345-346 Journal Article: Molecular Refraction Sutherland, William Molecular Refraction 1889 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 27 141-155 Journal Article: Thermal transpiration and radiometer motion Sutherland, William Thermal transpiration and radiometer motion 1896 Philosophical Magazine 373-391, 52-55 Journal Article: On the Recalculation of Certain Specific Heats at High Temperatures, and the Specific Heat of Water Sutherland, William On the Recalculation of Certain Specific Heats at High Temperatures, and the Specific Heat of Water 1888 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 26 298-305 Journal Article: Further Studies on Molecular Force Sutherland, William Further Studies on Molecular Force 1895 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 39 1-46 Journal Article: The Causes of Osmotic Pressure and of the Simplicity of the Laws of Dilute Solutions Sutherland, William The Causes of Osmotic Pressure and of the Simplicity of the Laws of Dilute Solutions 1897 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 44 493-498 Journal Article: The Viscosity of Mixed Gases Sutherland, William The Viscosity of Mixed Gases 1895 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 40 421-431 Journal Article: The Viscosity of Gases and Molecular Force Sutherland, William The Viscosity of Gases and Molecular Force 1893 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 36 507-531 Journal Article: On the Law of Molecular Force Sutherland, William On the Law of Molecular Force 1887 Philosophical Magazine (S5) 24 113-134, 168-187 Journal Article: Two new pressure-gauges for the highest vacua Sutherland, William Two new pressure-gauges for the highest vacua 1897 Philosophical Magazine 83-99 Journal Article: Molecular Refraction Sutherland, William Molecular Refraction Sydney Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1889 Report of the first meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1 42-45 Journal Article: Cathode, Lenard, and Rontgen Rays Sutherland, William Cathode, Lenard, and Rontgen Rays 1899 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 47 269-284 Journal Article: Further Investigations on the Laws of Molecular Force Sutherland, William Further Investigations on the Laws of Molecular Force Melbourne Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1890 Report of the second meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 2 368-371 Journal Article: Bemerkungen uber die Thermodynamische Theorie der Kapillaritat von van der Waals Sutherland, William Bemerkungen uber die Thermodynamische Theorie der Kapillaritat von van der Waals 1895 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 17 536-538 Journal Article: The Law of Attraction Amongst the Molecules of a Gas Sutherland, William The Law of Attraction Amongst the Molecules of a Gas 1886 Philosophical Magazine (S5) 22 81-95 Journal Article: Some Corrections to a Paper on the Laws of Molecular Force Sutherland, William Some Corrections to a Paper on the Laws of Molecular Force 1893 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 36 150-151 Journal Article: Molecular Force and the Surface Tension of Solutions Sutherland, William Molecular Force and the Surface Tension of Solutions 1895 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 40 477-494 Journal Article: The Attraction of Unlike Molecules. I. The Diffusion of Gases Sutherland, William The Attraction of Unlike Molecules. I. The Diffusion of Gases 1894 Philosophical Magazine (S.5) 38 1-19 Journal Article: On the Law of Molecular Force Sutherland, William On the Law of Molecular Force Sydney Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1889 Report of the first meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1 39-42 Journal Article: A Response to Intellectual Isolation: the Correspondence of W. A. Osborne and William Sutherland, 1905-1911 Bolton, H. C.; Rae, Ian D. A Response to Intellectual Isolation: the Correspondence of W. A. Osborne and William Sutherland, 1905-1911 1995 Historical Records of Australian Science 10 4 323-335 Book: Dictionary of Australian biography Serle, Percival Dictionary of Australian biography Sydney Angus & Robertson 1949 William Sutherland - Records State Library of Victoria, Australian Manuscripts Collection William Sutherland - Records Box 819 1903 - 1909 Five volumes of press clippings of his contributions to "The Age" 1903, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909 [Box 819]. 5 volumes William Sutherland - Records National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection William Sutherland - Records MS 2967 1901 - 1911 Four volumes of newspaper clippings for the years 1901, 1904, 1910 and 1911 among Margaret Sutherland's records (Box 1). 4 volumes William Sutherland - Records Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science William Sutherland - Records MS 023 1877 - 1910 50 letters to Sutherland from W.A. Osborne, University of Melbourne 1905-10, discussing scientific experiments; copy of 'Poetical Licence' a play in 4 acts by Sutherland 1884; 4 water colour sketches by Sutherland c1877-78; 2 pencil sketches of Sutherland as a boy and a young man by his father; photograph of a portrait in pastels of him by his sister [5 cm, MS 23]. 0.05 m Artwork, Photographs