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<abstract>The Commonwealth Health Laboratories were established in the early 1920s after a need for diagnostic facilities in country areas was realised. The first clinical Laboratory was set up in Rabaul, New Guinea, in 1921. This was followed by Bendigo and Townsville in 1922, Toowoomba in 1923 and Lismore, Rockhampton and Port Pirie in 1924. By 1954 seventeen laboratories had been established, sixteen of which were still operating.</abstract>

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