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<recordId>A000355</recordId>
<maintenanceStatus>revised</maintenanceStatus>
<maintenanceAgency>
<agencyCode>AU-VU:EOAS</agencyCode>
<agencyName>Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</agencyName>
<descriptiveNote>
<p><h4>All key entry types: Awards; Concepts; Corporate Bodies (Organisations); Cultural Artefacts; People; etc</h4> 

These key entries are listed separately below with other indexes and lists.</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</maintenanceAgency>
<languageDeclaration>
<language languageCode="eng">English</language>
<script scriptCode="Latn">Latin</script>
</languageDeclaration>
<conventionDeclaration>
<abbreviation>AACR2</abbreviation>
<citation>Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules</citation>
</conventionDeclaration>
<localControl localType="typeOfEntity">
<term>Corporate Body</term>
</localControl>
<maintenanceHistory>
<maintenanceEvent>
<eventType>created</eventType>
<eventDateTime standardDateTime="2000-04-20">2000-04-20</eventDateTime>
<agentType>human</agentType>
<agent>Ailie Smith</agent>
<eventDescription></eventDescription>
</maintenanceEvent>
<maintenanceEvent>
<eventType>updated</eventType>
<eventDateTime standardDateTime="2025-05-30">2025-05-30</eventDateTime>
<agentType>human</agentType>
<agent></agent>
<eventDescription></eventDescription>
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</control>
<cpfDescription>
<identity><entityId>https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000355b.htm</entityId>
<entityType>corporateBody</entityType>
<nameEntry><part>Cochlear Limited</part>
<authorizedForm>AACR2</authorizedForm>
</nameEntry>
<nameEntry localType="Also known as"><part>Cochlear Corporation</part>
</nameEntry>
</identity>
<description><existDates>
<dateRange>
<fromDate standardDate="1985-01-01">1985</fromDate>
</dateRange>
</existDates>
<places>
<place>
<placeRole>Start Place</placeRole>
<placeEntry>Lane Cove, New South Wales, Australia</placeEntry>
</place>
<place>
<placeRole>Location</placeRole>
<placeEntry>Lane Cove, New South Wales</placeEntry>
</place>
</places>
<functions>
<function>
<term>Pharmaceuticals or Medical Aids</term>
</function>
</functions>
<biogHist>
<abstract>Cochlear Limited took the place of Cochlear Pty Ltd. The company continued the work on the 'bionic ear' that was carried out by its predecessor.</abstract>

</biogHist>
</description>
<relations><cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A002000b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
CRC for Cochlear Implant and Hearing Aid Innovation (1999 - 2007)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="temporal-earlier" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000349b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Cochlear Pty Ltd (1983 - 1984)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P004446b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Livingstone, Catherine Brighid (1955 - )
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Chief Executive Officer 1994 - 2000</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005711b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Audiology, Department of Otolaryngology (1973 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000352b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Nucleus Limited (1965 - 1988)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005671b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Dawson, Pam
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Principal clinical research specialist at Cochlear Limited</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005314b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Bionic Ear Institute (1983 - 2011)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P001420b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Clark, Graeme Milbourne (1935 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005538b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Busby, Peter A.
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Peter worked at Cochlear Limited</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005536b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Seligman, Peter M.
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005534b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Patrick, James (Jim) Finlay
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Senior Vice President and Chief Scientist</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005530b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Cultural Object">
Multi-channel Cochlear Implant (Bionic Ear) (1978 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P002632b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Penington, David Geoffrey (1930 - 2023)
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Chairman 1995 - 2002</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="identity" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1471275">
<relationEntry></relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote><p>Trove</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf">
<relationEntry localType="published">'Cochlear Limited', in <span style="font-style:italic">Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</span>, Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<title render="italic">Cochlear Limited</title>
<imprint>
<publisher>Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Transformative Innovation</publisher>
</imprint>
<bibseries>
<title render="italic">Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</title>
</bibseries>
<extptr linktype="simple" href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000355b.htm"></extptr>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>
</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/HASB04491.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Conference Paper: The Objects of Science and Technology - Working with "Things"</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Hallett, Martin</name>
<title render="quoted">The Objects of Science and Technology - Working with "Things"</title>
<imprint>
<place>Canberra</place>
<publisher>Australian Science Archives Project</publisher>
<date>1995</date>
</imprint>
<bibseries>
<title render="italic">Recovering Science: Strategies and Models for the Past, Present and Future: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Melbourne, October 1992</title>
<name type="author">Tim Sherratt, Lisa Jooste and Rosanne Clayton</name>
<num type="pages">87-93</num>
</bibseries>
<extptr linktype="simple" href="https://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/confs/recovering/hallett.htm"></extptr>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/ASBS04427.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Book: Graeme Clark: The Man Who Invented the Bionic Ear</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Worthing, Mark</name>
<title render="italic">Graeme Clark: The Man Who Invented the Bionic Ear</title>
<imprint>
<place>Crows Nest</place>
<publisher>Allen &amp; Unwin</publisher>
<date>2015</date>
</imprint>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/ASBS15701.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Report: Biomaterials: Research directions for CSIRO</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Upstill, Garrett; Steele, Jack; Wright, Jon</name>
<title render="italic">Biomaterials: Research directions for CSIRO</title>
<imprint>
<place>Canberra ACT</place>
<publisher>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation</publisher>
<date>1990</date>
</imprint>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/HASB08037.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Review: Historical Records of Australian Science</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Jones, Ross L.</name>
<imprint>
<date>2013</date>
</imprint>
<bibseries>
<title render="italic">Historical Records of Australian Science</title>
<num type="volume">24</num>
<num type="issue">2</num>
<num type="pages">341-2</num>
</bibseries>
<extptr linktype="simple" href="https://doi.org/10.1071/HR13005"></extptr>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/HASB08036.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Book: The Cochlear Story</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Bondarew, Veronica and Seligman, Peter</name>
<title render="italic">The Cochlear Story</title>
<imprint>
<place>Canberra</place>
<publisher>CSIRO</publisher>
<date>2012</date>
</imprint>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03762.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Department of Otolaryngology - Bionic Ear Records</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>The University of Melbourne Archives</repository>
<unittitle>Department of Otolaryngology - Bionic Ear Records</unittitle>
<unitid>2004.0043 at U77/46-55</unitid>
<unitdate>1949 - 2000</unitdate>
<abstract>The 'Department of Otolaryngology - Bionic Ear Records' consist of 192 boxes at the University of Melbourne Archives. The records related to Professor Graeme Clark's (and associates) research activities at the University of Melbourne's Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and, the Bionic Ear Institute.

Series/subjects include:
General Administration; Funding; Hearing Prosthesis Project; Nucleus and Cochlear; Food and Drug Administration; Conferences, Promotional Materials, Advertising; Journals; Research and Development; Protocol Books; Personal Notebooks; Patents; Theses and Reprints; Surgical Techniques and Developments; Patient Case Histories and Ethics Committee; Overseas Patient Evaluation; Photographs and Slides; Children's Clinical Program; Australian Bionic Ear and Hearing Research Institute; and US National Institute of Health (NIH); Audiology; Tickle Talker; Museum of Victoria RE Bionic Ear Collection; Human Communication Research Centre (HCRC); External Organisations; Departmental Publications; Research; National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&amp;MRC); Cochlear Implantation for Infants and Children; Singular Publishing Group Inc.; The Cooperative Research Centre for Cochlear Implant, Speech and Hearing Research (CRC); Administration; Financial; Correspondence; Professor Clark's Personal Files; Staff Research; GMC Lectures and Talks; Cochlear Implant Clinic Ltd; Conferences; National Institutes of Health.

Records from: Professor Graeme Clark, Dr Peter Blamey (Combionic Program); Associate Professor R Shepherd; Dr Ian Forster (Engineer); Lois Martin, Richard Dowell (Audiologists); Jim Patrick (Engineer); Dr Y.C. Tong (Joe); Dr H.L. (Lee) Seldon.</abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>192 boxes</extent>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03754.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>National Museum of Australia</repository>
<unittitle>Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection</unittitle>
<unitdate>1970? - 2005?</unitdate>
<abstract>The 'Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection' consists of several objects including medical equipment related to the development of the bionic ear. According to the 'statement of significance' on the National Museum of Australia website, there were 13 objects in this collection (However, a search of the Museum's webpage on 28 June 2016, found 15 objects).</abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>15 objects</extent>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03746.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Papers of Graeme M. Clark, 1944-2012 [manuscript]</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection</repository>
<unittitle>Papers of Graeme M. Clark, 1944-2012 [manuscript]</unittitle>
<unitid>MS 8696</unitid>
<unitdate>1944 - 2012</unitdate>
<abstract>Records [MS 8696, comprising nine accessions 1994-2018] relating to Graeme Clark's career and the development of the bionic ear, including:-

<list><item>general correspondence</item>
<item>notebooks and diaries</item>
<item>various papers including papers relating to research and development</item>
<item>audio tapes</item>
<item>photographs and slides</item>
<item>speeches</item>
<item>certificates</item>
<item>draft material for Clark's book "Sounds from Silence" (2000) and June Epstein's "The Story of the Bionic Ear" (1989)</item>
<item>medals, plaques, awards and degrees awarded to Clark</item>
<item>Bionic Ear Institute records</item>
<item>Scientific publications</item>
<item>bound and loose press clippings</item>
<item>letters, manuscripts, theses and books</item>
<item>lecture slides</item>
<item>photographs of cochlear implants; a plaque, medals, awards and certificates of achievement and admission to fellowship of various organisations</item>
<item>DVDs including published oral history recordings</item>
<item>bound volume of scientific publications by Graeme Clark from between 2004-2012.</item></list></abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>59.81 m, 162 boxes and 12 oversize containers</extent>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/objects/D00332.htm">
<relationEntry localType="digitalObject">Graeme Clark holding the mini-implant developed by Cochlear Ltd</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>Graeme Clark</repository>
<unittitle>Graeme Clark holding the mini-implant developed by Cochlear Ltd</unittitle>
<unitdate>1985</unitdate>
<abstract>When the implant was a success for adults Clark worked with Cochlear to develop a smaller version for children.</abstract>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/objects/D00308.htm">
<relationEntry localType="digitalObject">Cochlear Implant - Cochlear Limited, 'Nucleus 24', C124M, 1998</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>Museum Victoria</repository>
<unittitle>Cochlear Implant - Cochlear Limited, 'Nucleus 24', C124M, 1998</unittitle>
<unitdate>1998</unitdate>
<abstract>Four digital photographs of the Cochlear Implant, 'Nucleus 24', manufactured by Cochlear Limited in 1998.</abstract>
<note label="rights">Copyright Museums Victoria / CC BY (Licensed as Attribution 4.0 International)</note>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

<descriptiveNote>
<p>Include in Gallery</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</resourceRelation>
</relations>
</cpfDescription>
</eac-cpf>