<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?oxygen RNGSchema="shared/cpf.rng" type="xml"?>
<eac-cpf xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-33-4" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:isbn:1-931666-33-4 http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/schema/cpf.xsd">
<control>
<recordId>A000352</recordId>
<maintenanceStatus>revised</maintenanceStatus>
<maintenanceAgency>
<agencyCode>AU-VU:EOAS</agencyCode>
<agencyName>Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</agencyName>
<descriptiveNote>
<p><h4>All key entry types: Awards; Concepts; Corporate Bodies (Organisations); Cultural Artefacts; People; etc</h4> 

These key entries are listed separately below with other indexes and lists.</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</maintenanceAgency>
<languageDeclaration>
<language languageCode="eng">English</language>
<script scriptCode="Latn">Latin</script>
</languageDeclaration>
<conventionDeclaration>
<abbreviation>AACR2</abbreviation>
<citation>Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules</citation>
</conventionDeclaration>
<localControl localType="typeOfEntity">
<term>Corporate Body</term>
</localControl>
<maintenanceHistory>
<maintenanceEvent>
<eventType>created</eventType>
<eventDateTime standardDateTime="2000-04-20">2000-04-20</eventDateTime>
<agentType>human</agentType>
<agent>Ailie Smith</agent>
<eventDescription></eventDescription>
</maintenanceEvent>
<maintenanceEvent>
<eventType>updated</eventType>
<eventDateTime standardDateTime="2025-11-05">2025-11-05</eventDateTime>
<agentType>human</agentType>
<agent></agent>
<eventDescription></eventDescription>
</maintenanceEvent>
</maintenanceHistory>
</control>
<cpfDescription>
<identity><entityId>https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000352b.htm</entityId>
<entityType>corporateBody</entityType>
<nameEntry><part>Nucleus Limited</part>
<authorizedForm>AACR2</authorizedForm>
</nameEntry>
</identity>
<description><existDates>
<dateRange>
<fromDate standardDate="1965-01-01">1965</fromDate>
<toDate standardDate="1988-12-31">1988</toDate>
</dateRange>
</existDates>
<places>
<place>
<placeRole>Start Place</placeRole>
<placeEntry>Lane Cove, New South Wales, Australia</placeEntry>
</place>
<place>
<placeRole>Location</placeRole>
<placeEntry>Lane Cove, New South Wales</placeEntry>
</place>
</places>
<functions>
<function>
<term>Pharmaceuticals or Medical Aids</term>
</function>
</functions>
<biogHist>
<abstract>Established in 1965, Nucleus Limited aimed to develop, manufacture and market innovative medical technology. Founded by Paul Murray Trainor, the company comprised of various subsidiaries including Telectronics Pty Ltd, Medtel Pty Ltd and Cochlear Pty Ltd. According to DeListed, the company was taken over by Pacific Dunlop Limited in 1988. A Nucleus Limited registered (Richmond, Victoria) with the Australian Securities &amp; Investments Commission in 1973 and was still registered in 2006.</abstract>

</biogHist>
</description>
<relations><cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P001420b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Person">
Clark, Graeme Milbourne (1935 - )
</relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote>
<p>Graeme Clark worked with Paul Trainor and Nucleus to help commercialise the bionic ear.</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000355b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Cochlear Limited (1985 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000347b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Telectronics Pty Ltd (1963 - 1996)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="associative" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005530b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Cultural Object">
Multi-channel Cochlear Implant (Bionic Ear) (1978 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="hierarchical-child" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000351b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Medtel Pty Ltd (c. 1970 - )
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="hierarchical-child" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000350b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Domedica Pty Ltd (c. 1970 - 1999)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="hierarchical-child" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000349b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Cochlear Pty Ltd (1983 - 1984)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="hierarchical-child" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000348b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
BGS Medical Corporation (1972 - ?)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="hierarchical-child" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000346b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Ausonics Proprietary Limited (1975 - 1990?)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="temporal-later" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000525b.htm">
<relationEntry localType="Corporate Body">
Pacific Dunlop Limited (1986 - 2002)
</relationEntry>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="identity" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7068276">
<relationEntry></relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote><p>Wikidata</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<cpfRelation cpfRelationType="identity" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1471464">
<relationEntry></relationEntry>
<descriptiveNote><p>Trove</p>
</descriptiveNote>
</cpfRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf">
<relationEntry localType="published">'Nucleus Limited', in <span style="font-style:italic">Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</span>, Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<title render="italic">Nucleus Limited</title>
<imprint>
<publisher>Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Transformative Innovation</publisher>
</imprint>
<bibseries>
<title render="italic">Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation</title>
</bibseries>
<extptr linktype="simple" href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/A000352b.htm"></extptr>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>
</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/ASBS04770.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Book: The Story of the Bionic Ear</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Epstein, June</name>
<title render="italic">The Story of the Bionic Ear</title>
<imprint>
<publisher>Hyland House</publisher>
<date>1989</date>
</imprint>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="subjectOf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/ASBS15701.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Report: Biomaterials: Research directions for CSIRO</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Upstill, Garrett; Steele, Jack; Wright, Jon</name>
<title render="italic">Biomaterials: Research directions for CSIRO</title>
<imprint>
<place>Canberra ACT</place>
<publisher>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation</publisher>
<date>1990</date>
</imprint>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/bib/ASBS00016.htm">
<relationEntry localType="published">Resource: Technology in Australia 1788-1988</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<bibref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<name type="author">Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering</name>
<title render="italic">Technology in Australia 1788-1988</title>
<edition>Online</edition>
<imprint>
<place>Melbourne</place>
<publisher>Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre</publisher>
<date>2000</date>
</imprint>
<extptr linktype="simple" href="http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/"></extptr>
</bibref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03754.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>National Museum of Australia</repository>
<unittitle>Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection</unittitle>
<unitdate>1970? - 2005?</unitdate>
<abstract>The 'Graeme Clark, University of Melbourne - Cochlear Limited collection' consists of several objects including medical equipment related to the development of the bionic ear. According to the 'statement of significance' on the National Museum of Australia website, there were 13 objects in this collection (However, a search of the Museum's webpage on 28 June 2016, found 15 objects).</abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>15 objects</extent>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03757.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Graeme Clark/bionic ear collection [National Film and Sound Archive of Australia]</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>National Film and Sound Archive of Australia</repository>
<unittitle>Graeme Clark/bionic ear collection [National Film and Sound Archive of Australia]</unittitle>
<unitdate>1956 - 2009</unitdate>
<abstract>The National Film and Sound Archive holds at least 117 items relating to Graeme Clark and the bionic ear. The items include television programs, audio and video recordings made by Clark's research team and home movies of Clark's family. The formats include tape, disc and mp3 and wav files. As at June 2016, most items were available online via the National Film and Sound Archives website.</abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>125 items</extent>
<physfacet>Audio, Digital, Video</physfacet>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/archives/BSAR03746.htm">
<relationEntry localType="archival">Papers of Graeme M. Clark, 1944-2012 [manuscript]</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection</repository>
<unittitle>Papers of Graeme M. Clark, 1944-2012 [manuscript]</unittitle>
<unitid>MS 8696</unitid>
<unitdate>1944 - 2012</unitdate>
<abstract>Records [MS 8696, comprising nine accessions 1994-2018] relating to Graeme Clark's career and the development of the bionic ear, including:-

<list><item>general correspondence</item>
<item>notebooks and diaries</item>
<item>various papers including papers relating to research and development</item>
<item>audio tapes</item>
<item>photographs and slides</item>
<item>speeches</item>
<item>certificates</item>
<item>draft material for Clark's book "Sounds from Silence" (2000) and June Epstein's "The Story of the Bionic Ear" (1989)</item>
<item>medals, plaques, awards and degrees awarded to Clark</item>
<item>Bionic Ear Institute records</item>
<item>Scientific publications</item>
<item>bound and loose press clippings</item>
<item>letters, manuscripts, theses and books</item>
<item>lecture slides</item>
<item>photographs of cochlear implants; a plaque, medals, awards and certificates of achievement and admission to fellowship of various organisations</item>
<item>DVDs including published oral history recordings</item>
<item>bound volume of scientific publications by Graeme Clark from between 2004-2012.</item></list></abstract>
<physdesc>
<extent>59.81 m, 162 boxes and 12 oversize containers</extent>
</physdesc>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/objects/D00331.htm">
<relationEntry localType="digitalObject">Audiologist Richard Dowell tests first Cochlear patient Graham Carrick</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>Graeme Clark</repository>
<unittitle>Audiologist Richard Dowell tests first Cochlear patient Graham Carrick</unittitle>
<unitdate>1982</unitdate>
<abstract>The surgery was done at the Department of Otolaryngology at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.</abstract>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/objects/D00330.htm">
<relationEntry localType="digitalObject">Graeme Clark with Cochlear's first multi-channel Nucleus implant he inserted in a patient in 1982</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>Graeme Clark</repository>
<unittitle>Graeme Clark with Cochlear's first multi-channel Nucleus implant he inserted in a patient in 1982</unittitle>
<unitdate>1982</unitdate>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
<resourceRelation resourceRelationType="other" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.eoas.info/objects/D00328.htm">
<relationEntry localType="digitalObject">Joint Planning Meeting for Industrial Development, Nucleus Ltd, Lane Cove</relationEntry>

<objectXMLWrap>
<archref xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
<repository>Graeme Clark</repository>
<unittitle>Joint Planning Meeting for Industrial Development, Nucleus Ltd, Lane Cove</unittitle>
<unitdate>1980s</unitdate>
<abstract>The industrial development of the University's research by industry at Nucleus Ltd (Cochlear Pty Ltd) required numerous meetings between Clark, Patrick and Money to transfer the research to industry. Dated: mid-1980s. Pictured left to right: James Patrick, Graeme Clark and David Money.</abstract>
</archref>
</objectXMLWrap>

</resourceRelation>
</relations>
</cpfDescription>
</eac-cpf>